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Objective:To analyze the risk factors for premature infants with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hs-PDA) requiring surgical treatment, and to explore the indications for surgical treatment in premature infants with hs-PDA.Methods:A nested case-control study was conducted.The data of premature infants with gestational age<30 weeks who were diagnosed with hs-PDA in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2007 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.The hs-PDA patients treated surgically were included in the operation group.The hs-PDA patients of the same gestational age and gender who were not treated surgically were taken as the control group.The ratio of the case number between the operation and control groups was 1∶2.The clinical data during pregnancy, at birth and after birth of premature infants were compared between the 2 groups.The measurement data were tested by the independent sample t test or Mann- Whitney U test.The classification and enumeration data were compared by the Fisher′ s exact probability method.The risk factors for premature infants with hs-PDA requiring surgical treatment were analyzed by the conditional Logistic regression method. Results:A total of 182 premature infants with hs-PDA were enrolled in the study, including 10 in the operation group and 20 in the control group.The patients underwent PDA ligation 30.5(22.7, 37.0) d after birth, and the median preo-perative invasive ventilation duration was 9.7(17.5, 27.2) d. Compared with the control group(20 cases), the preterm infants in the operation group had a lower birth weight [(891.5±118.0) g vs.(1 054.4±230.2) g, t=2.091], a wider arterial duct diameter [3.2(2.8, 4.0) mm vs.2.0(2.0, 3.0) mm, Z=-3.300], and longer invasive ventilation duration [25.0(18.7, 38.2) d vs.3.0(1.0, 7.5) d, Z=-3.688]. Besides, the operation group applied the pulmonary surfactant for more times [2(1, 3) times vs.1(1, 2) times, Z=-2.440], and inhaled a higher concentration of oxygen on the 14 th day after birth [29(25, 36)% vs.21(21, 29)%, Z=-2.358] than the control group.Moreover, compared with the control group, the operation group took longer to achieve adequate enteral feeding [48.2(51.5, 63.5) d vs.42.5(23.5, 48.0) d, Z=2.789], and gained a higher maximum vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) [3.0(0, 3.5) points vs.0(0, 0) points, Z=-2.630]. The difference in all the above-mentioned indicators between the 2 groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the arterial duct diameter, application times of the pulmonary surfactant, the maximum VIS score, and the time taken to achieve sufficient enteral feeding were all related to the need for surgical treatment of hs-PDA in the operation group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the invasive ventilation duration ( OR=0.747, 95% CI: 0.560-0.998, P=0.048) was an independent risk factor for hs-PDA premature infants requiring surgical treatment. Conclusions:The factors related to the need for surgical treatment in preterm infants with hs-PDA include a wide arterial duct diameter, multiple applications of the pulmonary surfactant, a high concentration of inhaled oxygen on the 14 th day, and the long time to achieve sufficient enteral feeding.The independent risk factor for the surgical treatment in hs-PDA children is the long invasive ventilation duration.
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Objective:To investigate the incidence of delayed onset of lactogenesis Ⅱ (DOL Ⅱ) in mothers of preterm infants and its influencing factors.Methods:This retrospective cohort study involved women who delivered prematurely at the Department of Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2021 to March 2022. Demographic and perinatal data of the subjects were collected. According to lactation outcome on the third day after delivery, these women were divided into DOL Ⅱ and non-DOL Ⅱ groups. The two groups' differences in general conditions were compared, and the potential factors influencing DOL Ⅱ were also analyzed. Chi-square test, two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were 286 mothers of premature infants enrolled in this study, and 73 (25.5%) of them experienced DOL Ⅱ. The other 213 cases without DOL Ⅱwere included as the non-DOL Ⅱ group. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the DOL Ⅱ and non-DOL Ⅱ groups in the following aspects: the proportion of women with adverse pregnancy history [28.8% (21/73) vs 41.8% (89/213), χ2=3.89], the proportion of primiparas [60.3% (44/73) vs 38.0% (81/213), χ2=10.93], the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [35.6% (26/73) vs 16.4% (35/213), χ2=11.92], the time to initiate breastfeeding after birth[5.0 h (3.0-7.0 h) vs 4.0 h (2.0-5.0 h), Z=－4.27], and the frequency of breastfeeding or pumping within 48 h after delivery [7.0 times (6.0-9.0 times) vs 9.0 times (7.0-11.0 times), Z=－3.62] (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that primipara ( OR=2.720, 95% CI: 1.485-4.982), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ( OR=3.178, 95% CI: 1.609-6.274), the time to initiate breastfeeding ( OR=1.394, 95% CI: 1.211-1.604) and the frequency of breastfeeding/pumping within 48 h after delivery ( OR=0.861, 95% CI: 0.772-0.962) were independent influencing factors for DOL Ⅱ (all P<0.05). Conclusions:?The factors that influence the occurrence of DOL Ⅱ in preterm mothers are primipara hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, breastfeeding initiation time after delivery, and the frequency of breastfeeding or pumping within 48 h postpartum.
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Objective:To systematically review the association between delivery mode and exclusive breastfeeding rate during hospitalization and within the first six months of life.Methods:Observational studies on the association between delivery mode and feeding pattern were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database from inception to October 2022. Two independent reviewers screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies using Critical Appraisal Tools published by Joanna Briggs Institute or Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS). This meta-analysis was performed using R 4.1.0 software. Fixed-effect or random-effect models were used to pool data. Egger test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias.Results:A total of 34 studies involving 597 203 subjects were included, including 22 cross-sectional studies and 12 cohort studies. All of the 22 cross-sectional studies were B-level quality, and eleven out of the 12 included cohort studies scored 7 points or above on the NOS scale with high quality. The results of meta-analysis showed that the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding during hospitalization of women who had cesarean section was lower than those who delivered vaginally ( OR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.22-0.50, P<0.001); and so was the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding at six months postpartum ( OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.79, P<0.001). Conclusion:Current evidence suggests that cesarean section is a disadvantage to exclusive breastfeeding during hospitalization and within six months after delivery.
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Objective:To explore the prevalence and risk factors of thyroid nodules in physical examination population.Method:A total of 5934 Han people who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences from August 2016 to August 2019 were selected as the research objects. Retrospective research methods were used to divide them into thyroid nodule group and thyroid non nodule group according to the results of thyroid ultrasound examination, and statistical analysis was carried out in combination with relevant data. T-test was used for the comparison between measurement data groups that conform to the normal distribution and χ 2 test was used for the comparison between counting data groups. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between different factors and thyroid nodules, and the odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results:(1) The prevalence of thyroid nodules in all population is 28.1% (1 668/5 934), the prevalence of thyroid nodule is 23.1% (977/4 230) in men and 40.6% (691/1 704) in women separately, and the distribution is obviously higher in women than that in male (χ 2=183.13, P=0.008). The prevalence increased with aging in both sexes ( P=0.001). (2) The correlation between the clinical data of physical examination population and thyroid nodules was analyzed according to gender. Among male patients, the rates of BMI≥23.0 kg/m 2 (82.2% (803/977)), diabetes (14.7% (144/977)), hypertension (44.4% (434/977)) and smoking history (63.1% (616/977)) in thyriod nodule group were higher than those in the non thyroid nodule group (78.9% (2 565/3 253), 8% (260/3 253), 29.3% (952/3 253), 56.9% (1 851/3 253)) (χ 2 were 5.17, 39.59, 78.35 and 11.80, respectively; P values were 0.023, 0.009, 0.005 and 0.007, respectively). Among female patients, the rates of BMI ≥23.0 kg/m 2 (55% (380/691)), obesity (31.1% (215/691)), diabetes (6.2% (43/691)), hypertension (28.9% (200/691)), high total cholesterol (43.6% (301/691)), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (7.1% (49/691)), high triglycerides (28.4% (196/691)), and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (29.1% (201/691)) in thyroid nodule group were higher than those in the non thyroid nodule group (43.6% (442/1 013), 22.5% (228/1 013), 1.9% (19/1 013), 19.2% (195/1 013), 34.7% (352/1 013), 17.9% (181/1 013), 21.5% (218/1 013), 4.5% (46/1 013)), and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 were 21.23, 15.82, 22.14, 21.68, 13.51, 26.27, 12.69 and 5.08, respectively; P values were 0.007, 0.006, 0.009, 0.007, 0.008, 0.005, 0.005 and 0.024, respectively). (3) Multiple logistic regression analysis reveal that age ( OR=1.530, 95% CI:1.463-1.621, P=0.009), sex ( OR=3.580, 95% CI:2.931-4.381, P=0.005), smoking ( OR=1.360, 95% CI:1.161-1.592, P=0.007) and high blood pressure ( OR=1.290, 95% CI:1.121-1.482, P=0.006) were the risk factors of thyroid nodule. Conclusion:The prevalence of thyroid nodules is 28.1% in XiangYang and surrounding areas, and the elders, women, smoking and high blood pressure were the risk factors of thyroid nodule.
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Objective:To explore the risk factors of delayed onset of lactogenesis stage Ⅱ(DOL Ⅱ) after cesarean section, and to establish a risk prediction model.Methods:This study involved 330 women who underwent cesarean section in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2021 to January 2022 and were further divided into DOL Ⅱ group ( n=104) or non-DOL Ⅱ group ( n=226). All clinical data were compared. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the independent risk factors of DOL Ⅱ after cesarean section to establish the risk prediction model and draw nomogram. The predictive validity of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and the goodness of fit was verified by Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Another 129 women who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from February to March 2022 were recruited for external validation. Results:The incidence of DOL Ⅱ in the model development and validation cohort were 31.5%(104/330) and 31.0%(40/129), respectively . In the model developing cohort, significant differences were shown in the constituent ratio of different groups of pre-pregnant body mass index {lean:[9.7%(22/226) vs 3.8%(4/104)]; fit: [66.8%(151/226) vs 62.5%(65/104)]; overweight or obsess:[23.5%(53/226) vs 33.7%(35/104)]}, the proportion of primiparas [50.4%(114/226) vs 61.5%(64/104)], breastfeeding education during pregnancy [64.2%(145/226) vs 40.4%(42/104)] and maternal separation [36.3%(82/226) vs 50.0%(52/104)], and the gestational age at delivery[38.0(36.0-39.0) vs 37.0(35.0-38.5) weeks] and frequency of breastfeeding within 48 h post-delivery [6.0(3.0-9.0) vs 2.0(0.5-5.0)] between the DOL Ⅱ and non-DOI Ⅱ group (all P<0.05). The predictors included in the model were pre-pregnancy overweight or obese ( OR=4.040, 95% CI:1.196-13.651), primipara ( OR=1.866, 95% CI:1.079-3.227), breastfeeding education during pregnancy ( OR=0.582, 95% CI:0.339-1.000), and frequency of breastfeeding within 48 h after delivery ( OR=0.791, 95% CI:0.720-0.857). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that P=0.814 and the AUC was 0.784(95% CI:0.731-0.837). The Youden index was 1.504 with a sensitivity of 0.769 and a specificity of 0.735. While for the external validation, Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that P=0.260 and the AUC was 0.751(95% CI:0.661-0.840). The Youden index was 1.460 with a sensitivity of 0.775 and a specificity of 0.685. Conclusion:The risk prediction model for DOL Ⅱ developed in this study has a good consistency and predictive performance, which can provide a reference for clinical screening of mothers at high risk of DOL Ⅱ following cesarean section.
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Objective:To analyze the factors influencing breast milk volume in mothers of preterm infants during the period of maternal separation.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the data from lactation diaries of mothers of preterm infants ( n=371) in neonatal intensive care unit from the first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to August 2021. According to whether the milk production reached 800 ml/d or not within two weeks after delivery, these women were divided into the reached group ( n=289) or unreached group ( n=82). Two independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were used for univariate analysis, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results:Mothers who achieved the target milk volume accounted for 77.9% (289/371). There were no statistically significant differences in the ratio of milk production ≥50 ml between breasts or between two adjacent breastfeeding sessions (both P>0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in the maternal education background[high school education or below:16.3% (47/289) vs 41.5% (34/82); junior college or above:83.7% (242/289) vs 58.5% (48/82); χ2=23.77], type of breast pump [diaphragm breast pump:34.9% (101/289) vs 51.2% (42/82); piston pump: 65.1% (188/289) vs 48.8% (40/82); χ2=7.14], pre-pregnancy body mass index [<18.5 kg/m 2: 3.5% (10/289) vs 4.9% (4/82);≥18.5～<24.0 kg/m 2: 90.7% (262/289) vs 61.0% (50/82); ≥24.0 kg/m 2: 5.9% (17/289) vs 34.1% (28/82); χ2=40.89], and the initiation of lactation instruction [within 7 d after delivery: 77.2% (223/289) vs 45.1% (37/82);at 7-14 d after delivery: 22.8%(66/289) vs 54.9%(45/82); χ2=31.28] between the reached and unreached group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high school education or below ( OR=4.279, 95% CI: 2.253-8.126, P<0.001), diaphragm breast pump ( OR=2.352, 95% CI: 1.309-4.226, P=0.004), pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m 2 ( OR=9.352, 95% CI: 4.389-19.928, P<0.001), and seeking lactation consultation at 7-14 d after delivery ( OR=3.654, 95% CI: 2.043-6.535, P<0.001) were risk factors for not achieving the target milk volume. Conclusions:Instruction on breastfeeding for less-educated mothers of preterm infants should be strengthened. Using piston breast pump, maintaining pre-pregnancy body mass index within the normal range, and receiving lactation instruction as early as possible will contribute to achieving the target milk volume.
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AIM: To investigate the image features of dynamic changes of tear film break-up after corneal fluorescein staining(FL)combined with tear film lipid layer(TFLL)dynamic changes in patients with dry eye and its value of diagnosis in dry eye. METHODS: A prospective study. A total of 66 patients(132 eyes)with dry eye admitted to our hospital during September 2019 to December 2020 were divided area break-up group(17 cases, 28 eyes), circle break-up group(20 cases, 27 eyes), line break-up group(25 cases, 28 eyes), spot break-up group(21 cases, 24 eyes)and random break-up group(20 cases, 25 eyes)according to the different fluorescein tear film break-up patterns(BUPs). The image features of tear film break-up dynamic changes and the image features of TFLL dynamic changes were compared in each group, and the differences in the first non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTf), average non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTav), tear meniscus height(TMH)and fluorescein staining scores were compare,RESULTS:A statistically significant differences were observed in NIBUTf among the groups of patients(P<0.001). Except that there was no difference between spot break-up group and random break-up group(7.56±1.54s vs 8.02±1.86s, P=0.881), other groups had significant differences in pairwise comparisons(P<0.05). There were statistically differences among the groups for NIBUTav(P<0.001). Except that there was no difference between spot break-up group and random break-up group(9.54±2.12s vs 9.73±1.94s, P=0.997), other groups had significant differences in pairwise comparisons(P<0.05). There was statistically difference among the groups for TMH(P<0.001). Except that there was no difference between circle break-up group and line break-up group(0.16±0.03mm vs 0.17±0.03mm, P=0.986), there was no difference between spot break-up group and random break-up group(0.22±0.03mm vs 0.21±0.05mm, P=0.993), other groups had significant differences in pairwise comparisons(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences among the groups for FL scores and TFLL grading(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:It is shown that different fluorescein BUPs intuitively reflects the tear film structure of the pathological changes according to evaluation and analysis of images feature of dynamic changes of FL tear film and TFLL combined with the results of static examination of tear film. It is helpful for clinicians to identify subtypes of dry eye, which has potential clinical value for the diagnosis and classification of dry eye.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the epidemiologic characteristics of human herpes virus (HHV) activated infection in the diseases of blood system and patients received allo-HSCT by statistically analyzing the screening results of 8 human herpes viruses (HHVs) of 4164 patients in Hebei Yanda LU Dao-Pei Hospital from 2012 to 2017.@*METHODS@#PCR was used to screen 8 HHVs.@*RESULTS@#Two thousand and fifty-two patients (49.28%) were HHV-positive among 4164 patients screened. Among these patients screened, the infection spectra of 8 human HHVs in hematological diseases as well as patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of totally 2994 patients were summarized as follows: the positive rate of EBV (29.49%) was the highest, that of HCMV (23.15%), HHV-6 was 18.77% and HHV-7 was 17.64%, while the remaining 4 HHVs all≤2.1%. The rate of co-infection of various HHVs was significantly higher than that of single infection of HHV among all these disease groups except familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, for which single EBV infection was the most common. The differences of positive rates among these 8 human HHVs in hematological diseases as well as patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were statistically significant by Chi-square test of R*C tables (χ=54.99, P＜0.05). For each HHV, the differences of positive rates among the above-mentioned disease groups were also statistically significant except HHV-8 (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The patients with various blood diseases have different activated infection spectra of HHVs. EBV, HCMV, HHV-6 and HHV-7 are most common in HHVs infection. Different HHVs infections correlate with different hematologion diseases.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of the adjuvant treatment with moxibustion on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).@*METHODS@#A total of 95 patients with COVID-19 were randomly divided into a moxibustion group (45 cases) and a basic treatment group (50 cases). The routine treatment of western medicine was applied in the patients of both groups. In the moxibustion group, on the base of the treatment of western medicine, moxibustion was applied to Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Qihai (CV 6) and Zusanli (ST 36), once daily and consecutively for 14 days. At the end of treatment courses, clinical symptom scores for cough, asthmatic breathing, chest oppression and short breath, as well as their remission rates were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Before and after treatment, the white blood cell (WBC) count, the levels of c-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the absolute number of T lymphocyte subsets, i.e. , and of the peripheral blood were compared in the patients between the two groups. The principal component analysis was adopted to analyze the common data extracted from the above 10 clinical indexes variables and comprehensively evaluate the differences in the therapeutic effect of two regimens.@*RESULTS@#The clinical symptom scores were all decreased after treatment in both of the moxibustion group and the basic treatment group as compared with those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#On the base of the routine treatment with western medicine, moxibustion therapy supplemented relieves the clinical symptoms, reduces the levels of inflammatory indexes, i.e. IL-6 and CRP as well as improves the absolute number of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets. The clinical therapeutic effect of such regimen with moxibustion supplemented is significantly better than the simple routine treatment of western medicine.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , COVID-19/therapy , Inflammation/therapy , Interleukin-6/blood , Leukocyte Count , Moxibustion , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytologyABSTRACT
Prematurity is a common complication in the field of obstetrics. The incidence of prematurity increased yearly. Premature birth occurred in advance trend. Early preterm birth refers to the delivery occurred at 28-31+6 week of gestational age. For unavoidable early preterm birth, the prognoses of mothers and infants have become the focus of perinatal medicine. It is particularly significant to ameliorate the prognoses of mothers and infants. Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed mental and psychological problems, organic complications of mothers with early preterm deliveries，and physical growth, cognition，behaviors，quality of life in early preterm infants at home and abroad, in order to provide a reference for further optimization of their prognosis.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on the expression of programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) in pancreatic cancer cells and the relationship with NMDA/Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway.Methods Human pancreatic cancer cells were divided into 5 groups (n=16 each) by a simple random sampling method:control group (group C),propofol group (group P),KN93 (CaMK Ⅱ inhibitor) group,MK801 (NMDA receptor antagonist) group and propofol plus rapastinel (NMDA receptor agonist) group (group PR).Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10％ fetal bovine serum in group C.Cells were incubated for 8 h with 50 μmol/L propofol in group P.Cells were incubated for 8 h with 10 μmol/L KN93 in group KN93.Cells were incubated for 8 h with 500 μmol/L MK801 in group MK801.Cells were incubated for 8 h with 50 μmol/L propofol and 20 μmol/L rapastinel in group PR.After the end of treatment in each group,the cell viability was measured using CCK8 assay,the expression of PD-L1,HIF-1α,CaMK Ⅱ and phosphorylated CaMK Ⅱ (p-CaMK Ⅱ) was detected by Western blot,and intracellular calcium concentrations were determined by Fluo3/AM probe.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the expression of PD-L1,HIF-1α and p-CaMK Ⅱ was down-regulated,and intracellular calcium concentrations were decreased in P,KN93 and MK801 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in group PR (P＞0.05).Compared with group P,the cell viability was significantly enhanced,the expression of PD-L1,HIF-1α and p-CaMK Ⅱ was up-regulated,and intracellular calcium concentrations were increased in group PR (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol inhibits the malignant potential of pancreatic cancer cells may be related to inhibiting NMDA/CaMK Ⅱ/HIF-1α pathway and down-regulating PD-L1 expression.
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To establish the ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint of Dandeng Tongnao Ruanjiaonang and conduct a systemic, comprehensive quality evaluation of the drug by combining with a chemical pattern recognition method. In this study, Waters UPLC ultra-high performance liquid chromatography instrument and ACQUITY UPLCHSS T3 chromatographic colum n were employed to perform the separation with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution; and the detection wavelength was set at 256 nm to establish the UPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Dandeng Tongnao Ruanjiaonang. Then, the further quality assessment of the drug was carried out by similarity evaluation, Cluster Analysis(CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Finally, 77 peaks were recognised as common peaks in the fingerprint, and 15 peaks of them were identified using standard references. The similarity value of these 10 batches of drugs was all above 0.960, indicating a relatively stable quality. But minor differences were still discovered between the batches of the drug by CA and PCA. Finally, 6 common peaks were recognised as the quality makers using OPLS-DA method. The analysis method established in this study was scientific, accurate, reliable and simple; fingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition technique can be used to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the drug quality of Dandeng Tongnao Ruanjiaonang; what's more, it could also provide a reference for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations at the same time.
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Objective To explore the effects of immunoglobulin G on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) secretion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods A total of 20 cases were chosen in each group from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with Alzheimer' s disease and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusm.PBMCs were isolated using density gradient centrifugation method and incu-bated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as well as immunoglobulin G extracted from blood serum of the patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus.TNF-α concentration in supernatant was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results TNF-α concentration in supernatant of PBMCs was significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with AD com-pared with that in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P<0.01).IgG further increased TNF-α concentration in type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with AD(P<0.01). Conclusion IgG extracted from the serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients can promote TNF-α secretion in PBMCs of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with AD.Immunity injury could play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with AD by promoting inflammatory reaction.
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Objective@#To explore the injury pattern and features of peripheral nerve in congenital muscular dystrophy patients caused by LAMA2 gene mutation.@*Method@#Seventeen patients genetically or molecular pathologically diagnosed as LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy were recruited in Peking University First Hospital between 2002 and 2015. All the patients received nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and needle electromyography tests. Clinical and laboratory examination data of the patients was retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between the NCV and disease course was determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Additionally, one patient underwent a sural nerve biopsy.@*Result@#Among these 17 identified patients (13 male and 4 female), all of them were diagnosed as congenital muscular dystrophy, and all of them underwent electrophysiological examination at ages between 1 month to 6 years. Electromyogram indicated seventeen patients of myogenic damage, of whom 10 cases were complicated with reduced NCV. Twenty-six of 95 analyzed nerves showed NCV slower than the normal average of contemporary in 17%-47%. Correlation analysis between NCV and the disease course indicated that NCV of median nerves, ulnar nerves, tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves were negatively associated with the disease course (r=-0.737, -0.771, -0.540 and -0.682, respectively; all P<0.05). Sural nerve biopsy revealed peripheral neuropathy changes of myelin.@*Conclusion@#There is peripheral nerve injury in LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy patients. It mainly manifests as demyelinating lesions. Moreover, the NCV of peripheral nerve will decrease with the increase of the course of the disease.
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Objective To study the effect of lienal polypeptide injection on immune function in patients with chronic kidney disease(stage CKD5,uremia).Methods 42 patients with maintenance hemodialysis and 42 patients with peritoneal dialysis in stage CKD5 phase were selected as the research subjects.According to the digital table,they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,32 cases in each group.All patients were treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis,the observation group was treated with lienal polypeptide injection,while the con-trol group was treated without lienal polypeptide injection.The immune function index(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) were compared between the two groups after treatment for 15 d.Results In the observation group,the immune index after 15 days treatment were CD3+(58.26 ±7.90)%,CD4+(34.46 ±6.45)%,CD8+(25.33 ±4.47)%,CD4+/CD8+(81.36 ±0.21).In the control group,the immune index after 15 days treatment were CD3+(55.64 ±5.32)%,CD4+(31.79 ±7.15)%,CD8+(27.52 ±4.68)%,CD4+/CD8+(1.16 ±0.18).CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ levels of the obser-vation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(t =2.820,t =1.610,t =7.060,all P <0.05). The level of CD8+ was significantly lower than that of the control group(t =0.004,P <0.05).Conclusion Lienal polypeptide can effectively improve the immune function of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD5 stage).
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the polymorphisms of the human platelet antigen (HPA) gene of Han and Menggu population of Heilongjiang province in China, to determine platelet antigen system with clinical significance by judging the rate of incompatibility of HPA, as well as to establish a database of donors HPA including the Han nationality and the minority nationality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The samples of unrelated healthy Menggu population (100 cases) people were selected from Heilongjiang province in China, and 123 cases in healthy Han population in Heilongjiang as control were collected. The technique of PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used for genotyping of 34 alleles in HPA1-17 gene. The gene frequency and genotype frequency were separately calculated, and the allele frequency distribution in Menggu population was compared with the results from Han population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the Han population, monomorphic HPA-4,HPA-7-14,HPA-16, 17 were found in the samples, none of HPA-b was found in these samples. For HPA-1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, aa homozygosity was predominant. In the Menggu population, monomorphic HPA 1, HPA 5, 6, HPA 7-14, HPA 16,17 were found in the samples, none of HPA-b was found in these samples. For HPA 2, 4 aa homozygosity was predominant. HPA-3, 15 had the greatest heterozygosity in 2 population. HPA-1a and HPA-3a frequency of Menggu population were significantly different from that of Han population in Heilongjiang.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Distribution of the allele polymorphism of HPA 1-17 in Heilongjiang Han population is similar to that in Menggu population, and it shows its own characteristics. When the local HPA genotyped database of platelet donors in Heilongjiang is established, the count of Menggu donor should be increased.</p>
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Objective:Tacrolimus prolonged-release(PR) formulation is a new once-daily formulation of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus,which is currently used in adult liver or kidney transplant patients,and is also gradually widely used in children with nephrotic syndrome.The present study was undertaken to preliminarily investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients.Methods:This single-center open-label prospective study was performed in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients.Pharmacokinetic samples were collected from eight pediatric subjects with nephrotic syndrome from Department of Pediatric Nephrology in Peking University First Hospital between June and August 2011.They followed administration of single oral doses of tacrolimus PR formulation at 0.02 mg/kg (n =2),0.05 mg/kg (n =2) and 0.10 mg/kg (n =4).Blood samples were taken before the dose and 1,2,4,6,8,10,12 and 24 h after drug intake.No other medicines or interacting food or drinks were taken during the study period.Blood concentrations were measured using an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique.Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using WinNolin Phoenix software Version 6.0 (Pharsight,Cary,NC,USA).Results:The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a non-compartment model.Pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus PR formulation in the 3 ascending doses groups (0.02 mg/kg,0.05 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg) were as follows:the maxi mum drug concentrations (Cm=/D) were (1.7 ± 1.0) μg/L,(3.1 ± 1.9) μg/L,(8.0 ± 3.5) μg/L,respectively;Areas under the drug concentration-time curve (AUCo-∞/D) were (47.2 ± 47.1) h · μg/ L,(84.0 ± 13.1) h · μg/L,(175.6 ± 107.1) h · μg/L,respectively;Oral clearance rates were (0.8±0.9) L/(h·kg),(0.4±0.1) L/(h · kg),(1.9 ±1.3) L/(h · kg),respectively;Body weight normalized distribution volumes were (7.0 ± 3.4) L/kg,(12.4 ± 8.4) L/kg and (73.6 ± 68.6) L/kg,respectively.Both mean Cmax normalized level for the administered dose (Cmax/D) and mean AUC0-∞ normalized level for the administered dose (AUC0-∞/D) were higher in the 0.05 mg/kg dosage group than in the 0.02 and 0.10 mg/kg dosage group.There were two peaks in the drug concentrations in every dose group;a primary peak appeared at the end of about 2 h followed by a small secondary peak at h 12,which was more noticeable in the 0.10 mg/kg dose group than in the two lower dosages.Conclusion:The pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR formulation were initially explored in pediatric patients with nephritic syndrome.The data presented form a basis for subsequent larger scale studies on pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus PR formulation in nephritic syndrome children.
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Objective To compare the clinical effects of combined anesthesia of lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve and superior clunial nerve versus spinal-epidural analgesia in total hip replacement. Methods Fifty cases of total hip replacement were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in group A received combined anesthesia of lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve and superior clunial nerve,while patients in group B received spinal-epidural analgesia. Results There were no significant differences in preoperative HR, SBP,DBP and SpO2 between the groups(P > 0. 05). Compared with pre-anesthesia data,HR,SBP,DBP in group A were significantly lower during the anesthesia(P 0. 05). Patients′ heart rate in group A showed significant changes compared with that in group B. The differences in HR,SBP and DBP between group A and B at the same time points were significant(P < 0. 05). Superior rate of anesthesia in group B is higher than that in group A(P < 0. 05). Conclusion Combined anesthesia of lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve and superior clunial nerve has limited influence on the circulatory and respiratory systems,which can be used for total hip replacement.
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Objective:To observe the changes of blood glucose,insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ(DPP-Ⅳ/CD26)on type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits after HUCBSC( human umbilical cord blood stem cells) transplantation. Methods:18 rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group (6 rats,Group C) and diabetic model group (12 rats). After preparation model of type 2 diabetes,and 6 rats of them were treated with HUCBSC ( CD45+,CD34-) transplantation by ear vein transfusion ( Group A) ,and 6 rats were treated with PBS(Group B). All three groups of rabbits were fed for 4 weeks,and the blood glucose was monitored every day,and the level of blood insulin and DPP-IV/CD26 were measured every week. Results:The negative expression rate of CD34 in HUCBSC was 96. 5%. The positive expression rate of CD45 in HUCBSC was 100%. Compared with non transplantation group,the blood glucose and DPP-IV/CD26 in the umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation group were gradually decreased,and insulin level was gradually increased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). Conclusion:HUCBSC were round or oval,with adherent growth,HUCBSC trans-plantation can significantly reduce blood glucose, increase insulin secretion, reduce the level of DPP-IV/CD26, the immunological phenotype of HUCBSC was CD45+,CD34-,thus providing a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of diabetes and its complica-tions.
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Objective:To research the distribution features of HLA-A,B and DRB1 high resolution alleles and haplotypes in Heilongjiang population.Methods:PCR-SBT methods was applied for HLA-A,B,DRB1 high resolution genotyping of 13 670 unrelated and healthy donors in region of Heilongjiang,and haplotype frequencies were calculated by counting and maximum likelihood method. Results:A total of 286 HLA alleles were observed and the most frequent alleles(>0.1)were A*02∶01,A*24∶02,A*11∶01,DR*07∶01,DR*09∶01 and DR*15∶01.Among 1 087 kinds of HLA-A-B haplotype ,there were 22 kinds frequency higher than 0.01,and 267 kinds with statistically significant and positive linkage disequilibrium(ALD>0,HF≥1.09×10-4,χ2>3.84).Moreover,among 1 329 kinds of HLA-B-DRB1 haplotype,there were 19 haplotypes frequency higher than 0.01,and 357 kinds with statistically significant and positive linkage disequilibrium.1 348 kinds of A-B-DR Haplotype were informative with frequency≥1.66 ×10-4 in 4 428 haplotypes, and a total of 17 kinds of A-B-DR haplotype frequency higher than 0.005.Conclusion: Get the distribution features of HLA high resolution allele and haplotype in Heilongjiang population, and associated genetic parameters, Distribution of alleles and haplotypes close to northern Han population,but have their own distribution.